青厉螨属一新种：（蜱螨亚纲：厉螨科）

本文记述青厉螨属一新种——顾氏青厉螨Qinghailaelaps gui sp.nov.,其特征:背板刚毛除F_2外,位于前足体的毛较后半体的明显粗长;生殖腹板与肛板间距为肛孔长的2倍;腹表皮刚毛约95对;寄生于未订名熊蜂体上。模式标本采自宁夏海原县,保存在宁夏回族自治区地方病防治所和贵阳医学院寄生虫学教研室。     

甲基苄基亚硝胺对与人、大鼠和鸡肝脏或食管上皮细胞混合培养的V_(79)细胞的致突变作用

用人,雄性Wistar大鼠和雄性莱亨鸡的肝细胞,或食管上皮细胞与V_(79)细胞混合培养,观察甲基苄基亚硝胺(MBN)经肝细胞或食管上皮细胞代谢后,能否产生活性代谢产物,从而诱导V_(79)细胞突变及其它有关的生物学反应。研究结果初步表明,大鼠和鸡肝细胞可以明显代谢MBN产生活性代谢产物,诱导混合培养的V_(79)细胞SCE和微核增高以及6-TG抗性突变。人胎儿肝细胞也可以代谢这种亚硝胺并诱导V_(79)细胞6-TG抗性突变,但对SCE和微核诱导明显偏低。说明这三种肝细胞代谢MBN在性质上是比较近似,可能在代谢激活程度上有一定差异。在食管上皮细胞和V_(79)细胞混合培养的实验中,大鼠食管上皮可以明显代谢MBN诱导V_(79)细胞SCE和微核的增高及6-TG抗性突变。鸡食管上皮细胞未见有明显的代谢MBN引起V_(79)细胞突变的作用。26只雄性莱亨鸡喂以MBN实验最长者达975天,总剂量为1674毫克,结果未见一例鸡发生食管癌。结果表明鸡的食管上皮可能对某些挥发性亚硝胺的致癌作用是不敏感的,目前没有证据支持在林县高发区中所发现的鸡咽食管癌是由于已找到的挥发性亚硝胺引起的。人食管上皮细胞具有一定的代谢MBN产生有致突变作用的代谢产物的能力,然而人与人之间有明显的个体差异。和大鼠相比,人食管代谢MBN诱导V_(79)细胞突变的能力明显较低,有关亚硝胺在高发区人食管癌发生中的作用还有待进一步深入研究。     

The Effects of Temperature on Blepharisma intermedium

SYNOPSIS. An initial rise in temperature increases the reproductive rate in Blepharisma intermedium; after it reaches the maximum, it gradually declines and finally fission is blocked. Cytochemical investigations made on Blepharisma acclimated to 28 C—the temperature at which the reproductive rate is maximum—show that conditions are optimum for cell division. Requisite quantities of glycogen, basic proteins, unsaturated lipids, enzymes alkaline and acid phosphatases are present. At 38 C the cell metabolism is altered, there is a decrease in the quantity of glycogen reserves, proteins and lipids, the enzyme activity diminishes, the free amino acid pattern changes and cell division is blocked. However, this block is transitory. Upon return to room temperature and when fresh culture medium is added, after a lag of 3 days, the cell metabolism becomes normal and the ciliates resume fission.     

德巴利汉逊酵母的两个变种及其相关种的脉冲电泳核型比较分析

摘要:用CHEF(钳位均匀电场)脉冲电泳系统分析了德巴利汉逊酵母的两个变种及两个相关种的脉冲电泳核型。对每个分类群的染色体条数,染色体DNA的分子量大小范围及整个基因组大小作出了估算,结果如下:Debaryomyces hansenii(Zopf) Lodder et Kreger-van Rij var. hansenii具有6-7条染色体,分子量范围为1.2-2.6(个别3.5)Mb,整个基因组大小为I 0.6-14.9Mb;D. hansenii var. fabryi (Ota) Nakase et Suzuki具有7条染色体,分子量范围为0.7-2.4M b,整个基因组大小为12.0-12.7Mb;D. nepalensis Goto et Sugiyama具有6-8条染色体,分子量范围为(个别0.2)1.1-2.7Mb,整个基因组大小为10.6-11.0Mb;Candida saitoana Nakase et Suzuki具有10-11条染色体,分子量范围为0.6-3.6Mb,整个基因组大小为18.1-18.9Mb.本研究表明C. saitoana与上述德巴利酵母属的三个分类群在脉冲电泳核型上具有明显差异,而后三者之间在染色体DNA带型上却没有发现有价值的区别之处.     

宁夏毛绥螨属一新种：蜱螨亚纲：囊螨科

本文记述采自宁夏角川市郊柳树寄生多孔菌体上的毛绥螨属１新种－殷氏毛绥螨Ｌａｓｉｏｓｅｉｕｓ ｙｉｎｉ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｕ。,模式标本保存在宁夏回族自治区地方病防治所和沈阳农业大学。     

中国副肛厉螨属一新种（蜱螨亚纲：囊螨科）

本文记述副肛厉螨属一新种－中卫副肛厉螨Ｐａｒａｐｒｏｃｔｏｌａｅｌａｐｓ ｚｈｏｎｇｗｅｉｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,模式标本采自宁夏、中卫县,存于宁夏回族自治区地方病防治所。     

拟厉螨属一新种和中国一新纪录：（蜱螨亚纲：厉螨科）

本文记述拟厉螨属Ｌａｅｌａｓｐｉｓ Ｂｅｒｌｅｓｅ,１９０３一新种,宁夏拟厉螨Ｌ．ｎｉｎｇｘｉａｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和国内一新纪录,光滑拟厉螨Ｌ．ｌａｅｖｉｓ （Ｍｉｃｈａｅｌ,１８９１）。标本采自宁夏海原,存于宁夏回自治区地方病防治和南京大学医学院。     

外源GUS基因在PEG介导的花椰菜原生质体中的瞬间表达

为了将外源基因导入花椰菜原生质体获得转基因植株,本文研究了ＰＥＧ介导的外源基因在花椰菜下胚轴原生质体中的瞬间表达。（１）２０％ＰＥＧ将质粒ｐＢＩ２２１导入原生质体后ＧＵＳ表达比１３％ＰＥＧ导入的高,但易造成原生质体损伤。（２）热激处理增强表达,但在随后的培养过程中易造成原生质体降解。（３）原生质体状况对表达有重要影响,５ｄ龄下胚轴原生质体比８ｄ龄的表达强。（４）不同质粒及启动子表达强度不同。质粒ｐＫＩＷＩ１０１比ｐＢＩ２２１表达强３倍左右。     

Effect of host availability on reproduction and survival of the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma minutum

Abstract.

• 1 We tested the hypothesis that females of the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma minutum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), could adjust their fecundity schedule according to host availability and that there was a negative correlation between reproduction and survival in these wasps.
• 2 Newly-emerged females were provided with an unlimited or limited number of hosts in the first trial and with either unlimited, limited or zero hosts in the second trial.
• 3 When hosts were unlimited, wasps had the highest rate of reproduction in the first day, which decreased dramatically thereafter. When hosts were limited, wasps from the two trials differed in their response. In Trial I, females with limited hosts had lower first-day fecundity than, and the same subsequent-day fecundity as, those with unlimited hosts. However, in Trial II, females with limited host had a lower first-day but a higher subsequent-day fecundity than those with unlimited hosts. This indicates variation in Trichogramma's ability to shift its fecundity schedule in response to host availability.
• 4 There was a positive (rather than a negative) correlation between reproduction and survival. Wasps that oviposited (in host-unlimited treatment) had greater longevity than those that could not (in host-unavailable treatment).
• 5 The sex ratio of the progeny produced by wasps in both host-unlimited and limited treatments shifted gradually from a female to a male bias as the wasps aged.
• 6 We consider the ability of parasitoids to adjust their fecundity schedule as an adaptation to changing host resources and discuss our findings with regard to theories of life history evolution.

     

微生物酯酶研究进展

酯酶自发现以来,逐渐被开发利用于医药、化工、食品等领域,其中动植物来源酯酶工业化应用较少,微生物作为天然的酶资源库,是新型酯酶的主要来源之一。然而,大量新型微生物酯酶由于活性低、稳定性差等原因难以达到工业应用的要求;同时酯酶的筛选、活性评价方法仍存在通用性低、成本高的问题,一定程度上阻碍了新型微生物酯酶挖掘和改造。据此,本文总结了近年来微生物酯酶分类与发现、结构与催化特性、改造和优化以及应用等领域的研究新进展,以期促进酯酶的挖掘和工业化应用。